{"id":939,"date":"2026-06-19T12:08:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T18:08:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/?p=939"},"modified":"2026-06-26T12:35:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T18:35:47","slug":"cuales-son-las-tecnologias-de-baterias-que-se-utilizan-en-los-bess","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/cuales-son-las-tecnologias-de-baterias-que-se-utilizan-en-los-bess\/","title":{"rendered":"What battery technologies are used in BESS?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Battery technologies used in BESS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Globally, the market for battery energy storage systems (<\/span>BESS<\/span><\/b>) is massively dominated by electrochemical technologies, although different chemistries coexist depending on the application (network support, energy arbitrage, frequency regulation or industrial backup).<\/span><\/p>\n

The most commonly used battery technologies today are classified as follows:<\/p>\n

1. Lithium-Ion Batteries<\/span><\/h2>\n

It is the undisputed leading technology, capturing more than <\/span>90% of the global market<\/span><\/b> modern BESS systems are popular due to their high energy density, high efficiency (generally >90%) and rapid cost reduction in recent years.<\/span> Within the lithium-ion, two sub-chemistries dominate:<\/span><\/p>\n

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    LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate \u2013 $LiFePO_4$<\/span>):<\/b> It has become the <\/span>industry standard for stationary BESS<\/span><\/b>.<\/span> Although it has a lower energy density than other lithium chemistries, it stands out for its excellent thermal stability (fire safety), lower cost (by not using cobalt or nickel) and a long lifespan (more than 4,000 to 6,000 cycles).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    NMC (Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt \u2013 <\/span>$LiNiMnCoO_2$<\/span>):<\/span><\/b> Very common in electric vehicles and used in the first BESS megaprojects (such as Tesla's Hornsdale Power Reserve in Australia).<\/span> It offers superior energy density, but its use in stationary storage has declined compared to LFP due to concerns about the cost of raw materials and the risk of thermal runaway (<\/span>thermal runaway<\/span><\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. Flow Batteries<\/h2>\n

    Unlike conventional batteries, they store energy in liquid electrolytes contained in external tanks.<\/span> They are the fastest growing option for applications of long duration (LDES)<\/b> (downloads from 6 to more than 12 hours).<\/p>\n

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      Vanadium Flux (VRFB):<\/b> She is the most mature in this category.<\/span> Its main advantage is that <\/span>They do not degrade with charge\/discharge cycles<\/span><\/b> (they can last more than 20 years without losing capacity) and storage capacity can be scaled up simply by increasing the size of the electrolyte tanks.<\/span> They have lower efficiency (~70-80%) and a higher initial cost, but excellent long-term levelized cost of storage (LCOE).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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      Other flow technologies:<\/b> Variants based on Iron-Chromium or Zinc-Bromine are gaining ground as alternatives with lower geopolitical and environmental costs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. Sodium-based Batteries<\/span><\/h2>\n

      Sodium is emerging as the main competitor to lithium in the immediate future due to the abundance and low cost of the raw material.<\/p>\n

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        Sodium-Ion (Na-Ion):<\/b> In the midst of a massive industrial scaling process. Its performance and density properties are very similar to those of first-generation LFP batteries, but with a superior safety profile in extreme temperatures and a potentially lower production cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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        Sodium-Sulfur (NaS) \/ Sodium-Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl \u2013 \u201cZebra Batteries\u201d):<\/span><\/b> These are high-temperature technologies (they operate above the <\/span>250\u00b0C<\/span><\/b>).<\/span> NaS batteries, popularized commercially by NGK in Japan, have been used in large-scale grid applications for decades due to their high density and zero self-discharge, although their thermal management requires complex systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        4. Advanced Lead-Acid and Nickel Batteries<\/h2>\n

        Although they are mature technologies, their presence in new large-scale BESS projects is marginal.<\/p>\n

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          Advanced Lead-Acid (VRLA \/ Carbon-Lead):<\/b> They remain relevant in rural microgrids, behind-the-meter (BTM) applications, and critical backup systems due to their very low initial cost and high recyclability. However, their short lifespan under deep cycling and low energy density exclude them from large-scale grid projects.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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          Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH):<\/b> Virtually obsolete for modern BESS, limited to industrial environments with extreme climatic conditions (such as substations in arctic or desert areas) due to their high thermal robustness.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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          Tecnolog\u00edas de bater\u00edas que se utilizan en los BESS A nivel mundial, el mercado de los sistemas de almacenamiento de energ\u00eda con bater\u00edas (BESS) est\u00e1 dominado de forma masiva por las tecnolog\u00edas electroqu\u00edmicas, aunque coexisten diferentes qu\u00edmicas seg\u00fan la aplicaci\u00f3n (soporte de red, arbitraje de energ\u00eda, regulaci\u00f3n de frecuencia o respaldo industrial). Las tecnolog\u00edas de bater\u00edas m\u00e1s utilizadas en la actualidad se clasifican de la siguiente manera: 1. Bater\u00edas de Ion-Litio (Lithium-Ion) Es la tecnolog\u00eda l\u00edder indiscutible, acaparando m\u00e1s del 90% del mercado global de BESS modernos debido a su alta densidad energ\u00e9tica, alta eficiencia (generalmente >90%) y la r\u00e1pida reducci\u00f3n de costos en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os. Dentro del ion-litio, dominan dos subqu\u00edmicas: LFP (Fosfato de Hierro y Litio – $LiFePO_4$): Se ha convertido en el est\u00e1ndar de la industria para BESS estacionarios. Aunque tiene menor densidad energ\u00e9tica que otras qu\u00edmicas de litio, destaca por su excelente estabilidad t\u00e9rmica (seguridad contra incendios), menor costo (al no usar cobalto ni n\u00edquel) y una vida \u00fatil prolongada (m\u00e1s de 4,000 a 6,000 ciclos). NMC (N\u00edquel, Manganeso y Cobalto – $LiNiMnCoO_2$): Muy com\u00fan en veh\u00edculos el\u00e9ctricos y utilizada en los primeros megaproyectos BESS (como la Hornsdale Power Reserve de Tesla en Australia). Ofrece una densidad energ\u00e9tica superior, pero su uso en almacenamiento estacionario ha disminuido frente al LFP debido a preocupaciones sobre el costo de las materias primas y el riesgo de embalamiento t\u00e9rmico (thermal runaway). 2. Bater\u00edas de Flujo (Flow Batteries) A diferencia de las bater\u00edas convencionales, almacenan la energ\u00eda en electrolitos l\u00edquidos contenidos en tanques externos. Son la opci\u00f3n de mayor crecimiento para aplicaciones de larga duraci\u00f3n (LDES) (descargas de 6 a m\u00e1s de 12 horas). Flujo de Vanadio (VRFB): Es la m\u00e1s madura en esta categor\u00eda. Su principal ventaja es que no se degradan con los ciclos de carga\/descarga (pueden durar m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os sin perder capacidad) y se puede escalar la capacidad de almacenamiento simplemente aumentando el tama\u00f1o de los tanques de electrolito. Tienen una eficiencia menor (~70-80%) y un costo inicial m\u00e1s elevado, pero excelente costo nivelado de almacenamiento (LCOE) a largo plazo. Otras tecnolog\u00edas de flujo: Variantes basadas en Hierro-Cromo o Zinc-Bromo est\u00e1n ganando terreno como alternativas de menor costo geopol\u00edtico y ambiental. 3. Bater\u00edas de Sodio (Sodium-based Batteries) El sodio se perfila como el gran competidor del litio para el futuro inmediato debido a la abundancia y bajo costo de la materia prima. Sodio-Ion (Na-Ion): En pleno proceso de escalado industrial masivo. Sus propiedades de rendimiento y densidad son muy similares a las de las bater\u00edas LFP de primera generaci\u00f3n, pero con un perfil de seguridad superior en temperaturas extremas y un costo de producci\u00f3n potencialmente menor. Sodio-Azufre (NaS) \/ Sodio-Cloruro de N\u00edquel (NaNiCl – “Bater\u00edas Zebra”): Son tecnolog\u00edas de alta temperatura (operan por encima de los 250\u00b0C). Las bater\u00edas NaS, popularizadas comercialmente por NGK en Jap\u00f3n, se utilizan en aplicaciones de red a gran escala desde hace d\u00e9cadas debido a su alta densidad y nula autodescarga, aunque su manejo t\u00e9rmico requiere sistemas complejos. 4. Bater\u00edas de Plomo-\u00c1cido Avanzadas y de N\u00edquel Aunque son tecnolog\u00edas maduras, su presencia en nuevos proyectos BESS a gran escala es marginal. Plomo-\u00c1cido Avanzado (VRLA \/ Carbono-Plomo): Siguen vigentes en microrredes rurales, aplicaciones detr\u00e1s del medidor (BTM) o sistemas de respaldo cr\u00edticos debido a su baj\u00edsimo costo inicial y alta reciclabilidad. Sin embargo, su corta vida \u00fatil bajo ciclos profundos y baja densidad energ\u00e9tica las excluyen de los megaproyectos de red. N\u00edquel-Cadmio (Ni-Cd) y N\u00edquel-Hidruro Met\u00e1lico (Ni-MH): Pr\u00e1cticamente en desuso para BESS modernos, limitadas a entornos industriales con condiciones clim\u00e1ticas extremas extremas (como subestaciones en zonas \u00e1rticas o des\u00e9rticas) por su alta robustez t\u00e9rmica. \u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_eb_attr":"","ai_generated_summary":"El mercado de sistemas de almacenamiento de energ\u00eda con bater\u00edas est\u00e1 liderado principalmente por tecnolog\u00edas electroqu\u00edmicas. Las bater\u00edas de ion-litio dominan el sector debido a su eficiencia y reducci\u00f3n de costos, destacando especialmente el uso de fosfato de hierro y litio por su seguridad y vida \u00fatil en aplicaciones estacionarias.\n\nOtras soluciones incluyen las bater\u00edas de flujo para almacenamiento de larga duraci\u00f3n y las tecnolog\u00edas basadas en sodio, que emergen como alternativas econ\u00f3micas. Aunque las bater\u00edas de plomo-\u00e1cido y n\u00edquel permanecen vigentes, su participaci\u00f3n en grandes proyectos de red es limitada frente a las innovaciones qu\u00edmicas modernas.","wpai_meta_description":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articulo"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=939"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":997,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/939\/revisions\/997"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jarrstech.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}